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On November 6, 1978, President Carter signed into law a Bankruptcy Reform Act containing a new Bankruptcy Code, which represented the first comprehensive re-enactment of bankruptcy laws since 1898. The Reform Act culminated seven years of work by the Congress, Lawyers and the Commission on the Bankruptcy Laws of the United States. The Commission was created by Congress on July 24, 1970 and was directed to study, evaluate, and recommend changes to the Bankruptcy Act. In the summer of 1973 lawyers produced a three-part report was produced. Part I described the causes of bankruptcy and suggested changes in the law, Part II was a draft of an optimistically titled "Bankruptcy Act of 1973," and Part III consisted of a selection of papers submitted to the Commission. Lawyers for the Commission made many suggestions that would have meant substantial changes in bankruptcy law and administration. While certain of the suggested structural changes and many of the suggested substantive law changes were adopted in the Reform Act, several of the more significant suggestions were abandoned during the legislative process; suggestions that were abandoned included the proposals for an Article III court and for the creation of a new administrative agency to handle administrative matters arising in bankruptcy cases. The administrative agency was resurrected in part as the United States trustee system.
Legislation based on Part II of the report was introduced in both the Senate and the House in the fall of 1973. After several years of hearings, rather different bills, H.R. 8200 and S. 2266, were introduced. Neither bill bore a close resemblance to the commission draft although many of the draft's suggestions were preserved. In 1978 the bills, containing modifications suggested by the National Bankruptcy Conference, the National Conference of Bankruptcy Judges and lawyers, passed first the House and then the Senate. Remaining material differences were resolved at an informal conference and amended versions were introduced. In spite of some last minute lobbying against the legislation, the bill passed and was signed by President Carter.
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